What to look for when buying a used e-bike (Part 3)

Are you looking to buy a used e-bike and wondering what you need to pay attention to so you don't risk a bad purchase? Many people save significantly when buying used e-bikes. The following table shows you the typical savings:

As a beginner, you will get practical tips here for a safe purchase.

Key Findings

• Check the battery thoroughly. A good battery should have at least 70-80% of its capacity. Have it professionally tested to avoid any nasty surprises.

• Pay attention to the condition of the motor. Unusual noises or a loss of power can indicate problems. Test the motor's performance during a test ride.

• Check the brakes and the frame for damage. Defective brakes are a safety risk. A visual inspection of the frame helps to identify structural issues.

Technical Inspection of E-Bikes

Checking the battery

You should examine the battery of a used e-bike particularly carefully. A powerful battery ensures a long range and reliable assistance. Visual inspections will help you identify obvious damage such as cracks, deformations, or leaking fluids. The actual remaining capacity is best measured with a diagnostic tool at a specialist shop. This process reads out charge cycles, cell voltages, and temperature history. A battery should have at least 70-80% of its original capacity so that you don't experience any nasty surprises. A lithium-ion battery lasts for an average of four to five years and manages about 600 to 700 charge cycles. The range is usually between 2,000 and 3,000 kilometers, depending on usage and maintenance.

Tip: Have the battery professionally checked before buying. A dealer can measure the capacity in watt-hours and give you an objective assessment.

Checking the motor

The motor is the heart of an e-bike. You can recognize a worn-out motor by unusual noises like grinding or crunching, noticeable power loss, and jerky assistance. Error messages on the display or sudden loss of motor assistance are warning signs. Mechanical defects such as worn bearings or damaged gear wheels occur frequently. Electrical problems affect sensors and power electronics. Test the motor's performance during a test ride and pay attention to smooth assistance.

• Unusual noises

• Power loss

• Jerky assistance

• Error messages

• Interruption of motor assistance

Checking the brakes

Brakes are particularly important on e-bikes, as they are subjected to greater stress due to the higher weight and speed. Check the brake pads for wear and test the braking power during an emergency stop. Watch out for noises and take the e-bike for an inspection annually or every 1,000 to 1,500 kilometers. After the winter break, you should check the brakes especially thoroughly, especially with disc brakes.

Note: Defective brakes pose a high safety risk. Replace worn parts immediately.

Checking the frame for damage

The frame provides the e-bike with stability. A structured visual inspection helps you detect damage. Place the e-bike in a well-lit area and check systematically from the head tube along the frame. Watch for hairline cracks in the paint, flaking, white lines, spiderweb patterns, irregular light reflections, or small dents near welds. With steel frames, rust can occur; with carbon frames, look for matte or discolored areas.

1. Visual inspection in the light

2. Checking for paint cracks and flaking

3. Looking for rust or discoloration

Testing the electronics

The electronics of e-bikes include the battery, motor, display, lighting system, and sensors. These components are particularly susceptible to defects. Test all displays and controls for proper function. Check the display for error messages and the lighting system for reliable illumination. Sensors should control the motor assistance correctly.

Tip: Electronic defects can become expensive. A motor replacement costs between 300 and 1,000 euros, a battery replacement between 300 and 900 euros.

With these checks, you ensure that your used e-bike is in perfect technical condition and that you will enjoy it for a long time.

Service history and documentation

Checking service records

You should always ask for service records. Regular maintenance extends the lifespan of your e-bike and maintains its value. A well-kept service booklet shows that the previous owner treated the bike well. Through regular checks, you can identify problems early and prevent major damage. Thorough cleaning and maintenance are also important to ensure your e-bike lasts a long time.

These documents are important to be able to trace the condition and history of the e-bike.

Original receipt and purchase contract

When buying a used e-bike, you need certain documents. The most important ones are:

1. Original receipt

2. Service booklet

3. Receipts for accessories and maintenance

With an original receipt, you can verify the origin of the e-bike. A purchase contract protects you legally. The ADFC (German Cyclist's Association) offers a template for a purchase contract. This protects you and allows you to make claims in case of a dispute. With private sales, there is no warranty obligation. Therefore, you should always ensure you have complete documentation.

StVZO (Road Traffic Licensing Regulations) compliance

Make sure that the e-bike complies with the StVZO. Check the lights and reflectors. The lights must be securely mounted and approved by the German Federal Motor Transport Authority (KBA). Approval symbols like a wavy line with a "K" indicate authorization. Battery lights need an approval symbol and must not wobble. All reflectors must be present and intact. Test whether the front and rear lights work and can be switched on.

Checking the serial number

The serial number protects you from theft. You can usually find it on the frame. Compare the number with the documents. Check the number in databases:

If the bike is coded, ask the police to whom the bike belongs. If the name and the seller do not match, this can be an indication of theft.

Testing e-bikes for fit and test riding

Checking the fit

The right fit is crucial for your riding comfort and safety. You should first pay attention to the frame size. It determines how well the e-bike fits your height. Measure your inside leg length to find the suitable frame size. The saddle height can thus be optimally adjusted. The top tube length influences how you sit on the bike and how well you keep your balance. Many models offer adjustable saddle and handlebar heights. This allows you to adapt the bike to your needs. Different types such as city e-bikes or e-mountain bikes have different requirements for size. Try out different models to get the best feel.

Tip: Get advice from a specialist shop and use the manufacturer's size charts.

Performing a test ride

A test ride shows you how the e-bike feels in everyday life. Check if you are sitting comfortably and can reach all controls easily. Test the starting, braking, and shifting. Also, ride over curbs or small bumps. This way, you can tell if the bike runs stably. Pay attention to the motor assistance and how it behaves when accelerating. The test ride should last at least 10 to 15 minutes.

Identifying irregularities

During the test ride, you should pay attention to unusual noises. Does something rattle or is there a grinding noise? Check whether the motor provides even assistance. If the bike feels unsafe, there may be a defect. Check whether the brakes react quickly and the lights work. Note any irregularities and ask the seller specifically about them.

Secure transaction

Choosing reputable providers

You can recognize a reputable provider by several characteristics. Pay attention to these points when you want to buy a used e-bike:

• The provider gives you detailed information about the condition of the bike.

• You receive a warranty for the e-bike.

• There is a return option within two weeks.

• The provider uses high-quality and reliable components.

• You find high-resolution images from different perspectives.

• A support team is available seven days a week.

These features help you identify trustworthy platforms and dealers. Do not buy if important information is missing or the seller answers evasively.

Buying from a specialist dealer

A specialist dealer offers you more security than a private sale. You benefit from a legal warranty. The following table shows you the differences:

At a specialist dealer, you often get inspected e-bikes and transparent advice. This gives you a good feeling when purchasing.

Payment and handover

Secure the handover legally. Include a warranty exclusion in the contract if you are buying from a private person. For example: "The e-bike comes from my private property and is sold under the exclusion of any warranty." Dealers must check the e-bike and disclose all defects. Pay cashless if possible and have the handover confirmed in writing.

Tip: The used market often offers you a significant price advantage. You can find high-quality e-bikes at attractive terms.

Observe these checkpoints when buying a used e-bike:

1. Check battery and motor

2. View service history

3. Check documents

4. Take a test ride

Follow a clear checklist. Seek advice if you are unsure. This is how you will find a safe and suitable e-bike.

FAQ

How do I know if the battery is still good?

You check the capacity with a diagnostic tool at a dealer. Look at charge cycles and visible damage. A good battery has at least 70% residual capacity.

What do I do if the e-bike has no paperwork?

Ask the seller for a replacement certificate. Check the serial number. You should be cautious without paperwork. Only buy if everything is traceable.

Can I maintain a used e-bike myself?

You can perform simple maintenance yourself, such as oiling the chain or checking the tires. For the battery, motor, and electronics, you should visit a specialist dealer.